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Deep lecture note-taking uses cognitive, metacognitive, and resource management functions. Based on learning strategy models and studies, as well as using a thematic analysis, a new hierarchical framework of lecture note-taking, comprising shallow and deep lecture note-taking, was proposed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 high school students from both countries (10 in each) to explore the cognitive activities in which students engage when taking lecture notes in mathematics class. To increase the possible range of note-taking approaches that could be observed, data from different cultural environments in Japan and China were sampled. Thus, using the interview method, the present study aimed to identify how lecture note-taking is used as a cognitive activity, and what factors influence it. Past explorations have not adequately considered the cognitive activities that accompany such a process. It is difficult to judge whether lecture note-taking is effective based only on the measurements of the notes. However, there is no consensus as to what makes good notes. Previous studies have largely focused on the relationship between the outcomes of note-taking on a blank paper (e.g., measurements of the quantity and/or quality of notes taken) and student learning performance. Lecture note-taking has been proven beneficial for learning at different educational levels. Sketch and Speak may be a helpful addition to the speech-language pathologist's repertoire for older students with language and learning difficulties. Students in the secondary grades benefit from learning strategies that help them gain control over the ideas and language of informational texts.
#Umi note c review how to
We explain how to use Sketch and Speak with students in the secondary grades and suggest how to coach students toward independent, self-regulated use. We consider the evidence base from the psychological and educational literature and report research evidence with younger students with language-related learning disabilities. This simple routine engages transformational and retrieval cognitive processes involved in active learning and information retention.
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Sketch and Speak intervention links written, graphic, and oral learning strategies through a triadic process of noting an idea simply with written or pictographic notes, then saying it fully, and saying it again. This clinical focus article describes an intervention to improve comprehension, retention, and expression of the ideas and language of expository texts. The participants at lower academic levels gained greater benefits from interventions compared with the participants at a higher academic level. Providing a framework or instructor's notes was more effective in the enhancement of note‐taking/‐reviewing effects than pre‐training or verbal instruction only. This intervention effect was moderated by two variables: presence of provided notes and academic level of participants. The advantage of note‐taking with intervention over without intervention was modest but significantly greater than zero. Syntheses of findings from note‐taking/‐reviewing versus no note‐taking/‐reviewing comparison studies indicated that the overall effects of note‐taking/‐reviewing were substantial. Meta‐analyses of 33 studies were conducted to examine (1) how much the combination of taking and reviewing notes contributes to school learning, and (2) whether interventions in the note‐taking/‐reviewing procedure enhance note‐taking/‐reviewing effects, and if so, how much and under what conditions.